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workflow.","heroicons-outline:lock-closed",[437,522,523,230,524,525],"field-access","access-tiers","governance","skos",{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529,"description":530,"icon":29,"tags":531},"Resolver Domains","\u002Fdocs\u002Fdigital-data-management\u002Fresolver-domains","docs\u002F13.digital-data-management\u002F09.resolver-domains","Serving GS1 Digital Links from your own hostname — CNAME setup, verification, and test prefixes to try it without a GS1 license.",[437,298,532,533,534,112],"custom-domain","cname","dns",{"title":536,"path":537,"stem":538,"description":539,"icon":540,"tags":541},"GS1 Sync","\u002Fdocs\u002Fdigital-data-management\u002Fgs1-sync","docs\u002F13.digital-data-management\u002F10.gs1-sync","Publishing your catalog to GS1 Germany — service tokens, licensed prefixes, the key pool, Verified by GS1, and the per-record Sync tab.","heroicons-outline:arrow-path",[437,542,543,544,545,546],"gs1-germany","sync","service-token","key-pool","verified-by-gs1",{"title":548,"path":549,"stem":550,"description":551,"icon":552,"tags":553},"Scan Analytics","\u002Fdocs\u002Fdigital-data-management\u002Fscan-analytics","docs\u002F13.digital-data-management\u002F11.scan-analytics","What only a resolver can know — anonymous scan statistics, demand insights, and a live privacy report that shows exactly what is and is not collected.","heroicons-outline:chart-bar",[437,554,555,556,557,558],"scans","analytics","privacy","k-anonymity","insights",[437,438,215,97,439,298],{"title":561,"path":562,"stem":563,"children":564,"description":566,"icon":567},"OpenEPCIS Overview","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Findex",[565,568,574,580],{"title":561,"path":562,"stem":563,"description":566,"icon":567},"A GS1-conformant supply-chain data platform — Resolver, Masterdata, EPCIS Events — in open source and business editions.","lucide:layout-dashboard",{"title":569,"path":570,"stem":571,"description":572,"icon":573},"Architecture","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Farchitecture","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002F01.architecture","How OpenEPCIS handles identity, isolation, events, and GS1 conformance — the four things that distinguish the platform.","lucide:cpu",{"title":575,"path":576,"stem":577,"description":578,"icon":579},"Feature Matrix","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Ffeature-matrix","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002F02.feature-matrix","OpenEPCIS capabilities by edition, aligned to the relevant GS1 standards.","lucide:check-square",{"title":581,"path":582,"stem":583,"children":584,"description":586,"icon":587},"Modules","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Findex",[585,588,595,603,611,617,623,629],{"title":581,"path":582,"stem":583,"description":586,"icon":587},"Seven module families that organise the OpenEPCIS platform — Resolver, Masterdata, EPCIS Events, Formats & Validation, Integration, Testdata, Platform.","lucide:layers",{"title":589,"path":590,"stem":591,"description":592,"icon":593,"tags":594},"GS1 Conformant Resolver","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Fresolver","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F01.resolver","Resolves GS1 Digital Link URIs to product information, masterdata, EPCIS endpoints, and twelve more standard link types.","lucide:link-2",[298,97,103,299,220],{"title":596,"path":597,"stem":598,"description":599,"icon":600,"tags":601},"GS1 Web Vocabulary & Masterdata","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Fmasterdata","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F02.masterdata","Web Vocabulary models, masterdata-to-resolver REST pattern, GS1 Germany Activate Plus \u002F GEPIR sync, and the event-driven masterdata bus.","lucide:database",[220,602,103,298,63],"masterdata",{"title":604,"path":605,"stem":606,"description":607,"icon":608,"tags":609},"EPCIS Events — Capture, Query, Subscriptions","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Fepcis-events","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F03.epcis-events","EPCIS 2.0 REST and SOAP, live streaming subscriptions, resilient pagination, OpenSearch event store.","lucide:activity",[39,16,31,65,610,35],"subscriptions",{"title":612,"path":613,"stem":614,"description":615,"icon":616},"Formats, Validation & Identity","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Fformats","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F04.formats","XML ↔ JSON-LD conversion, multi-layer validation, identifier translation, idempotent event hashing.","lucide:file-check",{"title":618,"path":619,"stem":620,"description":621,"icon":622},"Integration & Gateways","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Fintegration","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F05.integration","AS2 gateway for EDI partners, cloud storage, file service, natural-language AI assistant.","lucide:plug",{"title":624,"path":625,"stem":626,"description":627,"icon":628},"Testdata & Developer Tooling","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Ftestdata","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F06.testdata","Synthetic EPCIS test event generation, reference event collections, conformance test suite, SDKs.","lucide:wrench",{"title":630,"path":631,"stem":632,"description":633,"icon":634},"Platform, Build & Observability","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Fplatform","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F07.platform","How OpenEPCIS is built, deployed, and observed.","lucide:server",{"title":636,"path":637,"stem":638,"children":639,"description":641,"icon":29,"tags":649},"Vision","\u002Fdocs\u002Fvision","docs\u002F15.vision\u002Findex",[640],{"title":636,"path":637,"stem":638,"description":641,"icon":29,"tags":642},"How UNTP, DIDs, Verifiable Credentials, and EPCIS work together to create unified product identity infrastructure for the connected supply chain.",[643,644,645,406,343,646,647,648],"vision","digital-twin","did","rfid","industry-4-0","web-3-0",[643,644,645,406,343,646,647,648],{"title":651,"path":652,"stem":653,"children":654,"description":656,"icon":622},"API Reference","\u002Fdocs\u002Fapi-reference","docs\u002F16.api-reference\u002Findex",[655],{"title":651,"path":652,"stem":653,"description":656,"icon":622},"Interactive OpenAPI references for the GS1 Digital Link Resolver and the EPCIS 2.0 REST bindings.",[658],{"title":659,"path":660,"stem":661,"children":662,"page":674},"Blog","\u002Fblog","blog",[663,669],{"title":664,"path":665,"stem":666,"description":667,"icon":668},"The Web-based DPP doesn't need new infrastructure","\u002Fblog\u002Fdpp-stack-for-agents","blog\u002F01.dpp-stack-for-agents","Three GS1 standards — Digital Link, Web Vocabulary, Conformant Resolver — plus EPCIS 2.0 already cover the agent-facing layer of the Digital Product Passport.","heroicons-outline:newspaper",{"title":670,"path":671,"stem":672,"description":673,"icon":668},"Fascinating in Theory. It Just Doesn't Work in Practice.","\u002Fblog\u002Fblockchain-traceability","blog\u002F02.blockchain-traceability","Why blockchain is the wrong answer to traceability, and why it refuses to die anyway.",false,{"doc":676,"usedFallback":674},{"id":677,"title":678,"body":679,"description":434,"extension":1096,"icon":435,"lastUpdated":1097,"meta":1098,"navigation":1109,"path":430,"seo":1111,"sitemap":1112,"stem":431,"__hash__":1116},"docsEN\u002Fdocs\u002F13.digital-data-management\u002Findex.md","Digital Data Management (DDM)",{"type":680,"value":681,"toc":1087},"minimark",[682,687,696,703,706,710,713,718,730,755,764,771,778,784,788,821,825,950,957,971,975,978,1080],[683,684,686],"h2",{"id":685},"what-is-digital-data-management","What is Digital Data Management?",[688,689,690,691,695],"p",{},"Every product tells a story: what it is, who makes it, what it contains, how to use it, how to recycle it. Today that story is scattered — some of it printed on the packaging, some in a retailer's database, some in a PDF on the manufacturer's website. Regulation is now pulling it together: the EU's Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) requires a ",[692,693,694],"strong",{},"digital product passport"," for more and more product groups — a machine-readable, always-current record of the product, reachable directly from the product itself.",[688,697,698,699,702],{},"Digital Data Management (DDM) is the OpenEPCIS application for exactly this job. It is where you write the product's story ",[692,700,701],{},"once",", as structured GS1 master data, and where everything derived from that single record is managed: the public passport page a consumer reaches by scanning the QR code, the links the scan can lead to, the rules about who may see which detail, and the statistics about how the passport is actually used in the wild.",[688,704,705],{},"The key idea to hold on to is that DDM never asks you to maintain the same fact twice. A product's description, its country of origin, its certificates — each lives in one place, the master-data record. The passport page renders from it. The resolver derives links from it. The GS1 network is fed from it. When the record changes, everything downstream follows.",[683,707,709],{"id":708},"how-a-scan-becomes-a-passport","How a scan becomes a passport",[688,711,712],{},"To understand the application, it helps to walk once along the path a single scan takes:",[714,715],"diagram-image",{"alt":716,"src":717},"Data flow from the DDM catalog workspace through the Catalog API and GS1 Digital Link resolver to the public passport page and scan analytics","\u002Fdiagrams\u002Fddm-passport-flow",[688,719,720,721,724,725,729],{},"It starts long before the scan, in the ",[692,722,723],{},"catalog workspace",", where you describe the product. DDM stores that description in the OpenEPCIS Catalog as ",[726,727,728],"a",{"href":597},"GS1 Web Vocabulary"," data — the same vocabulary the whole GS1 world speaks, so nothing you enter is locked into this one application.",[688,731,732,733,736,737,741,742,745,746,750,751,754],{},"The address printed into the QR code is a ",[692,734,735],{},"GS1 Digital Link",": a normal web address built from the product's GS1 identifier, for example ",[738,739,740],"code",{},"https:\u002F\u002Fid.your-domain.com\u002F01\u002F09521000551015",". The ",[738,743,744],{},"01"," is GS1's code for \"what follows is a GTIN\". This construction is the quiet foundation of everything else: because the product's ",[747,748,749],"em",{},"identifier"," is also a ",[747,752,753],{},"web address",", anything in the world that knows the GTIN can find the product's data — no app required, no proprietary lookup service, just a URL.",[688,756,757,758,760,761,763],{},"That address does not point at a fixed page. It points at the ",[692,759,298],{},", a small routing service that keeps, for every identifier, a list of typed destinations — the product information page, a sustainability report, safety instructions. This list is called the ",[692,762,299],{},", and the indirection it provides is deliberate: the QR code on the packaging is printed once and lives for years, but where it leads can be changed any day, in DDM, without touching the packaging.",[688,765,766,767,770],{},"By default the resolver sends a scanning consumer to the ",[692,768,769],{},"public passport page",", which renders the master-data record — but only the parts your access policy makes public. The same address shows more to a signed-in business partner and more again to an authority, which is how one printed code can serve three very different audiences.",[688,772,773],{},[774,775],"img",{"alt":776,"src":777},"A public product passport | Figure 1: Where the loop ends — the passport page a consumer reaches by scanning the code","\u002Fimg\u002F13.Digital-Data-Management\u002Fpublic-passport.png",[688,779,780,781,783],{},"Finally, every scan leaves a trace in ",[692,782,548],{}," — deliberately anonymous, aggregated statistics that answer questions like \"where is this product being scanned?\" and \"what information do scanners look for that we don't offer yet?\".",[683,785,787],{"id":786},"a-vocabulary-for-reading-this-guide","A vocabulary for reading this guide",[688,789,790,791,794,795,797,798,801,802,804,805,808,809,812,813,816,817,820],{},"A few terms appear on every page of this guide, so here they are once, in plain language. The identifier a passport hangs on — a product's GTIN, a company's or location's GLN — is called the ",[692,792,793],{},"anchor",". The record behind an anchor is its ",[692,796,500],{},"; the curated profile that decides which fields that passport offers (generic product, battery, textile, packaging…) is its ",[692,799,800],{},"passport type",". The typed destinations the resolver serves for an anchor form its ",[692,803,299],{},". And every field of a passport carries an ",[692,806,807],{},"access tier"," — ",[747,810,811],{},"Public",", ",[747,814,815],{},"Authorized only"," or ",[747,818,819],{},"Restricted"," — which decides who gets to see its value.",[683,822,824],{"id":823},"the-guide-chapter-by-chapter","The guide, chapter by chapter",[826,827,828,841],"table",{},[829,830,831],"thead",{},[832,833,834,838],"tr",{},[835,836,837],"th",{},"Chapter",[835,839,840],{},"What it covers",[842,843,844,854,864,874,883,893,903,912,922,931,941],"tbody",{},[832,845,846,851],{},[847,848,849],"td",{},[726,850,441],{"href":442},[847,852,853],{},"Signing in, the catalog workspace, search, columns, your profile and roles",[832,855,856,861],{},[847,857,858],{},[726,859,860],{"href":454},"Managing Products",[847,862,863],{},"The product list, creating products with a passport type, bulk import",[832,865,866,871],{},[847,867,868],{},[726,869,870],{"href":464},"The Passport Editor",[847,872,873],{},"Tabs, field types, GPC picker, validation, access levels, versions",[832,875,876,880],{},[847,877,878],{},[726,879,474],{"href":475},[847,881,882],{},"GLN records, primary locations, public GLN pages",[832,884,885,890],{},[847,886,887],{},[726,888,889],{"href":486},"Linksets & GS1 Digital Link",[847,891,892],{},"The link explorer, ownership model, templated links",[832,894,895,900],{},[847,896,897],{},[726,898,899],{"href":495},"Public Passport Pages",[847,901,902],{},"The demo gallery, the passport viewer, templates, what consumers see",[832,904,905,909],{},[847,906,907],{},[726,908,506],{"href":507},[847,910,911],{},"Field obligations, hidden fields and creation defaults per passport type",[832,913,914,919],{},[847,915,916],{},[726,917,918],{"href":517},"Field Access Control",[847,920,921],{},"Access tiers, persona preview, reviewer feedback",[832,923,924,928],{},[847,925,926],{},[726,927,527],{"href":528},[847,929,930],{},"Serving GS1 Digital Links from your own hostname via CNAME",[832,932,933,938],{},[847,934,935],{},[726,936,937],{"href":537},"GS1 Germany Sync",[847,939,940],{},"Service tokens, the key pool, Verified by GS1, outbound publication",[832,942,943,947],{},[847,944,945],{},[726,946,548],{"href":549},[847,948,949],{},"Scan statistics, insights and the privacy report",[688,951,952,953,956],{},"DDM is one module of the OpenEPCIS platform; how it relates to the EPCIS repository, the resolver and the vocabulary tooling is described in the ",[726,954,955],{"href":562},"platform overview",".",[958,959,961],"alert",{"type":960},"info",[688,962,963,964,970],{},"Want to click along while you read? A public demo of the passport side runs at ",[726,965,969],{"href":966,"rel":967},"https:\u002F\u002Fdemo.epcis.cloud",[968],"nofollow","demo.epcis.cloud"," — the demo gallery works without an account.",[683,972,974],{"id":973},"when-something-goes-wrong","When something goes wrong",[688,976,977],{},"DDM translates every API failure into a plain-language message, so an error you see on screen should already tell you what to do. For reference, the most common ones:",[826,979,980,990],{},[829,981,982],{},[832,983,984,987],{},[835,985,986],{},"Message",[835,988,989],{},"What happened",[842,991,992,1002,1012,1026,1036,1046,1056,1066],{},[832,993,994,999],{},[847,995,996],{},[747,997,998],{},"Unable to connect to the server",[847,1000,1001],{},"A network problem between your browser and DDM — check your connection and retry.",[832,1003,1004,1009],{},[847,1005,1006],{},[747,1007,1008],{},"Your session has expired",[847,1010,1011],{},"Log in again; the app returns you to where you were.",[832,1013,1014,1019],{},[847,1015,1016],{},[747,1017,1018],{},"You don't have permission to …",[847,1020,1021,1022,1025],{},"Your account lacks the role for that action — see ",[726,1023,450],{"href":1024},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fdigital-data-management\u002Fgetting-started#access-roles"," and contact your administrator.",[832,1027,1028,1033],{},[847,1029,1030],{},[747,1031,1032],{},"The submitted data is invalid",[847,1034,1035],{},"A field failed server-side validation; the form highlights what to fix.",[832,1037,1038,1043],{},[847,1039,1040],{},[747,1041,1042],{},"The item could not be found",[847,1044,1045],{},"The record was moved or deleted — often by a colleague; refresh the list.",[832,1047,1048,1053],{},[847,1049,1050],{},[747,1051,1052],{},"An item with this ID already exists",[847,1054,1055],{},"The GTIN\u002FGLN is already taken in your tenant — identifiers are unique.",[832,1057,1058,1063],{},[847,1059,1060],{},[747,1061,1062],{},"Too many requests",[847,1064,1065],{},"Rate limiting kicked in; wait a moment and try again.",[832,1067,1068,1077],{},[847,1069,1070,1073,1074],{},[747,1071,1072],{},"The server encountered an unexpected error"," \u002F ",[747,1075,1076],{},"temporarily unavailable",[847,1078,1079],{},"A backend problem; retry in a few minutes, then contact support.",[688,1081,1082,1083,1086],{},"One safety net is worth knowing from day one: every list page offers ",[692,1084,1085],{},"Open by GTIN"," (or GLN). Even when a list will not load, a record can always be opened directly by its identifier.",{"title":1088,"searchDepth":1089,"depth":1089,"links":1090},"",2,[1091,1092,1093,1094,1095],{"id":685,"depth":1089,"text":686},{"id":708,"depth":1089,"text":709},{"id":786,"depth":1089,"text":787},{"id":823,"depth":1089,"text":824},{"id":973,"depth":1089,"text":974},"md","2026-08-21T00:00:00.000Z",{"head":1099,"readingTime":1104},{"meta":1100},[1101],{"name":1102,"content":1103},"keywords","Digital Data Management, DDM, GS1 master data, digital product passport, GS1 Digital Link, resolver, product catalog, OpenEPCIS",{"text":1105,"minutes":1106,"time":1107,"words":1108},"5 min 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