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Matrix","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Ffeature-matrix","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002F02.feature-matrix","OpenEPCIS capabilities by edition, aligned to the relevant GS1 standards.","lucide:check-square",{"title":413,"path":414,"stem":415,"description":416,"icon":417},"Roadmap","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Froadmap","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002F03.roadmap","Three horizons — Now, Next, Later. Skeleton awaiting user-confirmed dates.","lucide:map",{"title":419,"path":420,"stem":421,"children":422,"description":424,"icon":425},"Modules","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Findex",[423,426,432,438,444,450,456,462],{"title":419,"path":420,"stem":421,"description":424,"icon":425},"Seven module families that organise the OpenEPCIS platform — Resolver, Masterdata, EPCIS Events, Formats & Validation, Integration, Testdata, Platform.","lucide:layers",{"title":427,"path":428,"stem":429,"description":430,"icon":431},"GS1 Conformant Resolver","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Fresolver","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F01.resolver","Resolves GS1 Digital Link URIs to product information, masterdata, EPCIS endpoints, and twelve more standard link types.","lucide:link-2",{"title":433,"path":434,"stem":435,"description":436,"icon":437},"GS1 Web Vocabulary & Masterdata","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Fmasterdata","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F02.masterdata","Web Vocabulary models, masterdata-to-resolver REST pattern, GS1 Germany Activate Plus \u002F GEPIR sync, and the event-driven masterdata bus.","lucide:database",{"title":439,"path":440,"stem":441,"description":442,"icon":443},"EPCIS Events — Capture, Query, Subscriptions","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Fepcis-events","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F03.epcis-events","EPCIS 2.0 REST and SOAP, live streaming subscriptions, resilient pagination, OpenSearch event store.","lucide:activity",{"title":445,"path":446,"stem":447,"description":448,"icon":449},"Formats, Validation & Identity","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Fformats","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F04.formats","XML ↔ JSON-LD conversion, multi-layer validation, identifier translation, idempotent event hashing.","lucide:file-check",{"title":451,"path":452,"stem":453,"description":454,"icon":455},"Integration & Gateways","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Fintegration","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F05.integration","Cloud storage, file service, natural-language AI assistant.","lucide:plug",{"title":457,"path":458,"stem":459,"description":460,"icon":461},"Testdata & Developer Tooling","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Ftestdata","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F06.testdata","Synthetic EPCIS test event generation, reference event collections, conformance test suite, SDKs.","lucide:wrench",{"title":463,"path":464,"stem":465,"description":466,"icon":467},"Platform, Build & Observability","\u002Fdocs\u002Fplatform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002Fplatform","docs\u002F14.platform-overview\u002Fmodules\u002F07.platform","How OpenEPCIS is built, deployed, and observed.","lucide:server",{"title":469,"path":470,"stem":471,"children":472,"description":474,"icon":29,"tags":483},"Vision","\u002Fdocs\u002Fvision","docs\u002F15.vision\u002Findex",[473],{"title":469,"path":470,"stem":471,"description":474,"icon":29,"tags":475},"How UNTP, DIDs, Verifiable Credentials, and EPCIS work together to create unified product identity infrastructure for the connected supply chain.",[476,477,478,479,332,480,481,482],"vision","digital-twin","did","verifiable-credentials","rfid","industry-4-0","web-3-0",[476,477,478,479,332,480,481,482],[],{"doc":486,"usedFallback":2659},{"id":487,"title":488,"body":489,"description":474,"extension":2638,"icon":29,"lastUpdated":2639,"meta":2640,"navigation":2651,"path":470,"seo":2653,"sitemap":2654,"stem":471,"__hash__":2658},"docsEN\u002Fdocs\u002F15.vision\u002Findex.md","The Digital Twin Vision",{"type":490,"value":491,"toc":2567},"minimark",[492,497,501,504,567,570,574,577,582,587,599,604,607,620,627,637,641,644,651,656,724,728,735,738,741,744,748,751,758,762,765,769,840,844,847,940,945,963,967,972,977,980,984,987,991,994,999,1013,1019,1023,1026,1031,1057,1062,1066,1070,1075,1090,1094,1097,1101,1107,1111,1114,1128,1132,1135,1213,1220,1227,1231,1234,1238,1241,1252,1255,1275,1279,1286,1296,1301,1307,1317,1321,1378,1382,1389,1395,1401,1407,1413,1417,1420,1424,1427,1431,1445,1449,1513,1517,1522,1533,1538,1549,1554,1565,1569,1572,1576,1579,1584,1595,1599,1602,1702,1706,1712,1718,1724,1728,1732,1736,1746,1749,1769,1773,1776,1780,1783,1850,1854,1861,1875,1879,1883,1886,1890,1893,1919,1925,1928,1932,1935,1939,1943,1947,2019,2023,2026,2048,2052,2055,2069,2073,2145,2149,2155,2158,2162,2165,2169,2173,2236,2240,2244,2247,2331,2335,2340,2354,2359,2373,2377,2401,2404,2408,2412,2417,2452,2457,2482,2486,2509,2513,2518,2544,2549],[493,494,496],"h2",{"id":495},"introduction-beyond-the-product-label","Introduction: Beyond the Product Label",[498,499,500],"p",{},"When a consumer scans a QR code on a product, they see information: materials, origin, sustainability data. What they don't see is the infrastructure that makes it trustworthy and secure.",[498,502,503],{},"Beneath that simple scan lies a sophisticated trust architecture built on three pillars:",[505,506,507,523],"table",{},[508,509,510],"thead",{},[511,512,513,517,520],"tr",{},[514,515,516],"th",{},"Pillar",[514,518,519],{},"Function",[514,521,522],{},"Technology",[524,525,526,541,554],"tbody",{},[511,527,528,535,538],{},[529,530,531],"td",{},[532,533,534],"strong",{},"Identification",[529,536,537],{},"Who\u002Fwhat is this?",[529,539,540],{},"DIDs (Decentralized Identifiers), GS1 Digital Link",[511,542,543,548,551],{},[529,544,545],{},[532,546,547],{},"Credentials",[529,549,550],{},"What claims can be verified?",[529,552,553],{},"Verifiable Credentials (VCs), trust anchors",[511,555,556,561,564],{},[529,557,558],{},[532,559,560],{},"Events",[529,562,563],{},"What happened to this product?",[529,565,566],{},"EPCIS 2.0, supply chain tracking",[498,568,569],{},"This document explains how these technologies converge to create a unified approach to product identity infrastructure, and why EPCIS serves as the universal glue layer that ties everything together.",[493,571,573],{"id":572},"the-rfid-origin-story-why-epcis-exists","The RFID Origin Story: Why EPCIS Exists",[498,575,576],{},"To understand why EPCIS matters, we need to understand the problem it was designed to solve.",[578,579,581],"h3",{"id":580},"the-data-integration-nightmare","The Data Integration Nightmare",[498,583,584],{},[532,585,586],{},"1970s-1990s: The Barcode Revolution",[498,588,589,590,594,595,598],{},"Barcodes revolutionized point-of-sale operations but had a fundamental limitation: they identified product ",[591,592,593],"em",{},"types",", not individual ",[591,596,597],{},"items",". Every can of soup with the same barcode was indistinguishable from every other can.",[498,600,601],{},[532,602,603],{},"1990s-2000s: The RFID Promise",[498,605,606],{},"Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) promised item-level visibility. Each product could have a unique identifier, enabling:",[608,609,610,614,617],"ul",{},[611,612,613],"li",{},"Real-time inventory tracking",[611,615,616],{},"Anti-counterfeiting at the item level",[611,618,619],{},"Automated supply chain operations",[498,621,622,623,626],{},"But RFID created a new problem: ",[532,624,625],{},"data integration chaos",". Different RFID systems used different data formats. A tag read at a manufacturer's warehouse couldn't be meaningfully combined with a tag read at a retailer's distribution center.",[498,628,629,632,633,636],{},[532,630,631],{},"The Gap",": How do you capture ",[591,634,635],{},"what happened"," to products when the identification technology keeps changing?",[578,638,640],{"id":639},"mit-auto-id-center-1999-2003","MIT Auto-ID Center (1999-2003)",[498,642,643],{},"The MIT Auto-ID Center was founded at MIT in 1999 to address this challenge. The consortium drew in researchers, partner universities, and dozens of sponsor companies from retail, consumer goods, and logistics.",[498,645,646,647,650],{},"Their key insight: RFID needs a ",[532,648,649],{},"common language"," for describing events, independent of the specific hardware or protocol used.",[498,652,653],{},[532,654,655],{},"Timeline:",[505,657,658,668],{},[508,659,660],{},[511,661,662,665],{},[514,663,664],{},"Year",[514,666,667],{},"Development",[524,669,670,678,686,697,705,713],{},[511,671,672,675],{},[529,673,674],{},"1999",[529,676,677],{},"MIT Auto-ID Center founded (RFID focus)",[511,679,680,683],{},[529,681,682],{},"2003",[529,684,685],{},"Auto-ID Center work transitioned to EPCglobal, a joint venture of EAN International and the Uniform Code Council (which merged in 2005 to form GS1)",[511,687,688,691],{},[529,689,690],{},"~2007",[529,692,693,696],{},[532,694,695],{},"EPCIS 1.0 ratified"," as a GS1 EPCglobal standard, building on (and ultimately superseding) the earlier Physical Markup Language (PML) work",[511,698,699,702],{},[529,700,701],{},"2014",[529,703,704],{},"EPCIS 1.1",[511,706,707,710],{},[529,708,709],{},"2016",[529,711,712],{},"EPCIS 1.2",[511,714,715,718],{},[529,716,717],{},"2022",[529,719,720,723],{},[532,721,722],{},"EPCIS 2.0"," — JSON-LD, sensor data, Web URIs",[578,725,727],{"id":726},"technology-agnostic-by-design","Technology-Agnostic by Design",[498,729,730,731,734],{},"Here's what makes EPCIS so valuable: ",[532,732,733],{},"it was designed to be technology-agnostic from the very beginning",".",[498,736,737],{},"While RFID made the need for such a standard undeniably clear, organizations still working with barcodes recognised the same potential. The event model was intentionally designed to work regardless of the underlying identification technology.",[498,739,740],{},"The standard's RFID-oriented origins didn't constrain its adoption: EPCIS is in use today in deployments that rely entirely on barcodes, or on barcodes in combination with RFID. The same event model works for any auto-ID technology — barcodes, RFID, QR codes, NFC, or IoT sensors.",[498,742,743],{},"EPCIS 2.0 continued this tradition by bridging to GS1 Digital Link and full 2D code support - again, not by coincidence but by intentional design to meet the evolving needs of global supply chains.",[578,745,747],{"id":746},"why-the-standard-matters-today","Why the standard matters today",[498,749,750],{},"RFID adoption keeps accelerating — pushed by retailer mandates for item-level tagging, by item-level inventory and anti-shrinkage programmes, and by the spread of battery-free sensor tags that report temperature, humidity, and other supply-chain conditions. Each new wave of carriers and sensors lands in the same event model.",[498,752,753,754,757],{},"That's the point: as auto-ID technologies evolve, organisations need ",[532,755,756],{},"one"," event model that works regardless of the data carrier. EPCIS is that model.",[493,759,761],{"id":760},"_2d-codes-the-consumer-bridge","2D Codes: The Consumer Bridge",[498,763,764],{},"While RFID excels in logistics and warehouses, 2D codes provide the essential bridge to consumers.",[578,766,768],{"id":767},"why-both-technologies-matter","Why Both Technologies Matter",[505,770,771,784],{},[508,772,773],{},[511,774,775,778,781],{},[514,776,777],{},"Context",[514,779,780],{},"Preferred Technology",[514,782,783],{},"Reason",[524,785,786,797,807,818,829],{},[511,787,788,791,794],{},[529,789,790],{},"Warehouse dock door",[529,792,793],{},"RFID",[529,795,796],{},"High-speed bulk scanning, no line-of-sight needed",[511,798,799,802,804],{},[529,800,801],{},"Retail inventory",[529,803,793],{},[529,805,806],{},"Rapid store-wide inventory counts",[511,808,809,812,815],{},[529,810,811],{},"Consumer access",[529,813,814],{},"QR Code",[529,816,817],{},"Universal smartphone scanning",[511,819,820,823,826],{},[529,821,822],{},"Small components",[529,824,825],{},"DataMatrix",[529,827,828],{},"Fits on PCBs, medical devices, tiny parts",[511,830,831,834,837],{},[529,832,833],{},"Authentication tap",[529,835,836],{},"NFC",[529,838,839],{},"Quick, intuitive user experience",[578,841,843],{"id":842},"qr-code-vs-datamatrix","QR Code vs DataMatrix",[498,845,846],{},"Both 2D code types can carry GS1 Digital Link URIs, but they serve different use cases:",[505,848,849,860],{},[508,850,851],{},[511,852,853,856,858],{},[514,854,855],{},"Feature",[514,857,814],{},[514,859,825],{},[524,861,862,875,888,901,914,927],{},[511,863,864,869,872],{},[529,865,866],{},[532,867,868],{},"Capacity",[529,870,871],{},"Up to 4,296 alphanumeric",[529,873,874],{},"Up to 2,335 alphanumeric",[511,876,877,882,885],{},[529,878,879],{},[532,880,881],{},"Error correction",[529,883,884],{},"Up to 30% recovery",[529,886,887],{},"Up to 25% recovery",[511,889,890,895,898],{},[529,891,892],{},[532,893,894],{},"Minimum size",[529,896,897],{},"~21x21 modules",[529,899,900],{},"~10x10 modules",[511,902,903,908,911],{},[529,904,905],{},[532,906,907],{},"Primary scanner",[529,909,910],{},"Any smartphone camera",[529,912,913],{},"Industrial scanners preferred",[511,915,916,921,924],{},[529,917,918],{},[532,919,920],{},"Primary use",[529,922,923],{},"Consumer-facing, marketing",[529,925,926],{},"Industrial, healthcare, small parts",[511,928,929,934,937],{},[529,930,931],{},[532,932,933],{},"GS1 standard",[529,935,936],{},"GS1 QR Code",[529,938,939],{},"GS1 DataMatrix",[498,941,942],{},[532,943,944],{},"Use case differentiation:",[608,946,947,952,957],{},[611,948,949,951],{},[532,950,814],{},": Consumer scans DPP on product packaging, marketing campaigns, retail displays",[611,953,954,956],{},[532,955,825],{},": Small electronics components, pharmaceutical vials, medical devices, PCB marking",[611,958,959,962],{},[532,960,961],{},"Both",": Encode GS1 Digital Link URIs that resolve to the same product information",[578,964,966],{"id":965},"the-key-principle","The Key Principle",[968,969],"diagram-image",{"alt":970,"src":971},"Any data carrier resolves to a GS1 Digital Link URI that drives EPCIS events","\u002Fdiagrams\u002Fvision-key-principle",[498,973,974],{},[532,975,976],{},"EPCIS doesn't care HOW you identified the product. It captures WHAT happened.",[498,978,979],{},"This technology-agnostic design is why a system built in 2007 for RFID handles 2D codes, NFC, and IoT sensors without architectural changes.",[493,981,983],{"id":982},"industry-40-and-web-30-the-convergence","Industry 4.0 and Web 3.0: The Convergence",[498,985,986],{},"Two major technology movements are converging on the same infrastructure needs that EPCIS addresses.",[578,988,990],{"id":989},"industry-40-smart-manufacturing","Industry 4.0 (Smart Manufacturing)",[498,992,993],{},"Industry 4.0 refers to the fourth industrial revolution: cyber-physical systems, IoT, and data-driven manufacturing.",[498,995,996],{},[532,997,998],{},"Characteristics:",[608,1000,1001,1004,1007,1010],{},[611,1002,1003],{},"RFID\u002FIoT sensors on production lines generating real-time events",[611,1005,1006],{},"Digital twins synchronized with physical products",[611,1008,1009],{},"Predictive maintenance from sensor data",[611,1011,1012],{},"Cyber-physical systems: physical products with digital identities",[498,1014,1015,1018],{},[532,1016,1017],{},"EPCIS Connection:"," The \"How\" dimension (sensor data) in EPCIS 2.0 was designed precisely for this use case. Temperature, humidity, location, and other sensor readings are captured as part of the event model.",[578,1020,1022],{"id":1021},"web-30-decentralized-web","Web 3.0 (Decentralized Web)",[498,1024,1025],{},"Web 3.0 encompasses technologies for decentralized trust and self-sovereign identity.",[498,1027,1028],{},[532,1029,1030],{},"Core concepts:",[608,1032,1033,1039,1045,1051],{},[611,1034,1035,1038],{},[532,1036,1037],{},"DIDs",": Self-sovereign identifiers (no central authority required)",[611,1040,1041,1044],{},[532,1042,1043],{},"VCs",": Cryptographically verifiable claims",[611,1046,1047,1050],{},[532,1048,1049],{},"Selective disclosure",": Privacy-preserving data sharing",[611,1052,1053,1056],{},[532,1054,1055],{},"Trustless verification",": Verify without trusting the data provider",[498,1058,1059,1061],{},[532,1060,1017],{}," EPCIS 2.0's JSON-LD format and Web URI identifiers align with the semantic web foundation of Web 3.0 technologies.",[578,1063,1065],{"id":1064},"where-they-meet","Where They Meet",[968,1067],{"alt":1068,"src":1069},"Industry 4.0 and Web 3.0 both converge on EPCIS 2.0","\u002Fdiagrams\u002Fvision-where-they-meet",[498,1071,1072],{},[532,1073,1074],{},"Practical example:",[1076,1077,1078,1081,1084,1087],"ol",{},[611,1079,1080],{},"Smart factory: RFID tag on component triggers EPCIS event",[611,1082,1083],{},"EPCIS event updates digital twin representation",[611,1085,1086],{},"Quality test passes → Verifiable Credential issued",[611,1088,1089],{},"Downstream buyer scans QR → sees selective disclosure based on authorization",[493,1091,1093],{"id":1092},"un-transparency-protocol-untp","UN Transparency Protocol (UNTP)",[498,1095,1096],{},"The UN Transparency Protocol is a UN\u002FCEFACT initiative to enable interoperable digital credentials for global trade.",[578,1098,1100],{"id":1099},"background","Background",[498,1102,1103,1106],{},[532,1104,1105],{},"UN\u002FCEFACT"," (United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business) has developed standards for international trade for decades. UNTP is their approach to supply-chain transparency in the digital age.",[578,1108,1110],{"id":1109},"untp-goals","UNTP Goals",[498,1112,1113],{},"UNTP aims to:",[608,1115,1116,1119,1122,1125],{},[611,1117,1118],{},"Enable interoperable sustainability credentials across borders",[611,1120,1121],{},"Provide common vocabulary for product footprint data",[611,1123,1124],{},"Support verifiable claims about origin, materials, and environmental impact",[611,1126,1127],{},"Remain technology-neutral while providing clear implementation patterns",[578,1129,1131],{"id":1130},"openepcis-alignment","OpenEPCIS Alignment",[498,1133,1134],{},"OpenEPCIS aligns with UNTP through semantic property mappings:",[505,1136,1137,1150],{},[508,1138,1139],{},[511,1140,1141,1144,1147],{},[514,1142,1143],{},"OpenEPCIS Property",[514,1145,1146],{},"UNTP Equivalent",[514,1148,1149],{},"Description",[524,1151,1152,1168,1183,1198],{},[511,1153,1154,1160,1165],{},[529,1155,1156],{},[1157,1158,1159],"code",{},"dpp:carbonFootprintTotal",[529,1161,1162],{},[1157,1163,1164],{},"untp:carbonFootprint",[529,1166,1167],{},"Total emissions (kg CO2e)",[511,1169,1170,1175,1180],{},[529,1171,1172],{},[1157,1173,1174],{},"dpp:recycledContent",[529,1176,1177],{},[1157,1178,1179],{},"untp:recycledContent",[529,1181,1182],{},"Recycled material fraction",[511,1184,1185,1190,1195],{},[529,1186,1187],{},[1157,1188,1189],{},"dpp:recyclableContent",[529,1191,1192],{},[1157,1193,1194],{},"untp:recyclableContent",[529,1196,1197],{},"Recyclable fraction",[511,1199,1200,1205,1210],{},[529,1201,1202],{},[1157,1203,1204],{},"dpp:verifiedRatio",[529,1206,1207],{},[1157,1208,1209],{},"untp:verifiedRatio",[529,1211,1212],{},"Supply chain verification",[498,1214,1215,1216,1219],{},"These mappings use ",[1157,1217,1218],{},"owl:equivalentProperty"," declarations, enabling data to flow between systems without loss of semantic meaning.",[498,1221,1222,1223,734],{},"For detailed mapping information, see the ",[1224,1225,1226],"a",{"href":325},"Interoperability Guide",[493,1228,1230],{"id":1229},"decentralized-identifiers-dids","Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs)",[498,1232,1233],{},"Decentralized Identifiers represent a fundamental shift in how we think about digital identity.",[578,1235,1237],{"id":1236},"the-problem-with-centralized-identifiers","The Problem with Centralized Identifiers",[498,1239,1240],{},"Traditional identifiers depend on central authorities:",[608,1242,1243,1246,1249],{},[611,1244,1245],{},"Domain names require DNS registries",[611,1247,1248],{},"Product codes require GS1 membership",[611,1250,1251],{},"User accounts require platform operators",[498,1253,1254],{},"This creates:",[608,1256,1257,1263,1269],{},[611,1258,1259,1262],{},[532,1260,1261],{},"Single points of failure"," - Registry down = identifiers unusable",[611,1264,1265,1268],{},[532,1266,1267],{},"Permission dependencies"," - Need approval to create identifiers",[611,1270,1271,1274],{},[532,1272,1273],{},"Censorship vectors"," - Authorities can revoke identifiers",[578,1276,1278],{"id":1277},"did-structure","DID Structure",[498,1280,1281,1282,1285],{},"A DID is a URI that resolves to a ",[532,1283,1284],{},"DID Document"," containing verification methods and service endpoints:",[1287,1288,1293],"pre",{"className":1289,"code":1291,"language":1292},[1290],"language-text","did:method:identifier\n│   │      │\n│   │      └── Unique identifier within the method\n│   └── DID method (defines resolution mechanism)\n└── DID scheme\n","text",[1157,1294,1291],{"__ignoreMap":1295},"",[498,1297,1298],{},[532,1299,1300],{},"Example:",[1287,1302,1305],{"className":1303,"code":1304,"language":1292},[1290],"did:web:example.com:products:12345\n",[1157,1306,1304],{"__ignoreMap":1295},[498,1308,1309,1310,1313,1314,734],{},"This DID uses the ",[1157,1311,1312],{},"web"," method and resolves to a DID Document hosted at ",[1157,1315,1316],{},"example.com",[578,1318,1320],{"id":1319},"dids-in-supply-chains","DIDs in Supply Chains",[505,1322,1323,1333],{},[508,1324,1325],{},[511,1326,1327,1330],{},[514,1328,1329],{},"Use Case",[514,1331,1332],{},"DID Application",[524,1334,1335,1348,1358,1368],{},[511,1336,1337,1342],{},[529,1338,1339],{},[532,1340,1341],{},"Organization identity",[529,1343,1344,1347],{},[1157,1345,1346],{},"did:web:company.com"," - Verifiable organization identity",[511,1349,1350,1355],{},[529,1351,1352],{},[532,1353,1354],{},"Product identity",[529,1356,1357],{},"Future: DIDs linked to GS1 identifiers for decentralized resolution",[511,1359,1360,1365],{},[529,1361,1362],{},[532,1363,1364],{},"Credential issuers",[529,1366,1367],{},"DID identifies who issued a sustainability certification",[511,1369,1370,1375],{},[529,1371,1372],{},[532,1373,1374],{},"Event attestation",[529,1376,1377],{},"DID signs EPCIS events for non-repudiation",[578,1379,1381],{"id":1380},"gs1-digital-link-relationship","GS1 Digital Link Relationship",[498,1383,1384,1385,1388],{},"Currently, GS1 Digital Link provides ",[532,1386,1387],{},"resolver-based"," resolution:",[1287,1390,1393],{"className":1391,"code":1392,"language":1292},[1290],"https:\u002F\u002Fid.gs1.org\u002F01\u002F09521141012345 → Resolves via GS1 infrastructure\n",[1157,1394,1392],{"__ignoreMap":1295},[498,1396,1397,1398,1388],{},"DIDs provide ",[532,1399,1400],{},"decentralized",[1287,1402,1405],{"className":1403,"code":1404,"language":1292},[1290],"did:web:company.com:product:09521141012345 → Resolves via DID Document\n",[1157,1406,1404],{"__ignoreMap":1295},[498,1408,1409,1412],{},[532,1410,1411],{},"The convergence:"," Organizations can use both approaches. GS1 Digital Link provides immediate compatibility with existing infrastructure, while DIDs enable decentralized verification when needed.",[493,1414,1416],{"id":1415},"verifiable-credentials-vcs","Verifiable Credentials (VCs)",[498,1418,1419],{},"Verifiable Credentials are the trust layer that makes claims about products and organizations cryptographically verifiable.",[578,1421,1423],{"id":1422},"the-credential-model","The Credential Model",[498,1425,1426],{},"VCs follow a three-party model:",[968,1428],{"alt":1429,"src":1430},"Verifiable credential flow from issuer to holder to verifier","\u002Fdiagrams\u002Fvision-credential-model",[498,1432,1433,1436,1437,1440,1441,1444],{},[532,1434,1435],{},"Issuer"," — creates and cryptographically signs the credential.\n",[532,1438,1439],{},"Holder"," — stores the credential and presents it when needed.\n",[532,1442,1443],{},"Verifier"," — checks the credential's validity and the issuer's authority.",[578,1446,1448],{"id":1447},"why-vcs-matter-for-supply-chains","Why VCs Matter for Supply Chains",[505,1450,1451,1461],{},[508,1452,1453],{},[511,1454,1455,1458],{},[514,1456,1457],{},"Challenge",[514,1459,1460],{},"VC Solution",[524,1462,1463,1473,1483,1493,1503],{},[511,1464,1465,1470],{},[529,1466,1467],{},[532,1468,1469],{},"Trust in claims",[529,1471,1472],{},"Cryptographic proof of who made the claim",[511,1474,1475,1480],{},[529,1476,1477],{},[532,1478,1479],{},"Certificate fraud",[529,1481,1482],{},"Cannot forge credentials without issuer's keys",[511,1484,1485,1490],{},[529,1486,1487],{},[532,1488,1489],{},"Audit trail",[529,1491,1492],{},"Credentials are timestamped and immutable",[511,1494,1495,1500],{},[529,1496,1497],{},[532,1498,1499],{},"Portability",[529,1501,1502],{},"Credentials travel with products across systems",[511,1504,1505,1510],{},[529,1506,1507],{},[532,1508,1509],{},"Revocation",[529,1511,1512],{},"Issuers can revoke invalid credentials",[578,1514,1516],{"id":1515},"vc-types-in-supply-chains","VC Types in Supply Chains",[498,1518,1519],{},[532,1520,1521],{},"Conformity Credentials:",[608,1523,1524,1527,1530],{},[611,1525,1526],{},"Lab test results",[611,1528,1529],{},"Certification assessments (ISO, organic, fair trade)",[611,1531,1532],{},"Regulatory compliance attestations",[498,1534,1535],{},[532,1536,1537],{},"Traceability Events:",[608,1539,1540,1543,1546],{},[611,1541,1542],{},"EPCIS events signed as VCs",[611,1544,1545],{},"Chain of custody attestations",[611,1547,1548],{},"Transformation records",[498,1550,1551],{},[532,1552,1553],{},"Digital Product Passports:",[608,1555,1556,1559,1562],{},[611,1557,1558],{},"DPP as a comprehensive VC",[611,1560,1561],{},"Contains product identity + sustainability data + supply chain history",[611,1563,1564],{},"Issued by manufacturer, verified by anyone",[493,1566,1568],{"id":1567},"selective-disclosure-the-game-changer","Selective Disclosure: The Game Changer",[498,1570,1571],{},"Selective disclosure may be the most underestimated capability in this stack. It solves the fundamental tension between transparency and confidentiality.",[578,1573,1575],{"id":1574},"the-problem-all-or-nothing-doesnt-work","The Problem: All-or-Nothing Doesn't Work",[498,1577,1578],{},"Traditional data sharing is binary: either you share everything or nothing.",[498,1580,1581],{},[532,1582,1583],{},"Real business scenarios:",[608,1585,1586,1589,1592],{},[611,1587,1588],{},"A consumer wants to know if a product is sustainable; the manufacturer wants to surface the headline claim without naming individual suppliers downstream.",[611,1590,1591],{},"Customs needs to verify origin and certification; the importer wants to keep tier-2 supplier identities and contract details out of the customs payload.",[611,1593,1594],{},"A recycler needs full material composition for safe processing; the brand wants to surface that without disclosing the specific manufacturing recipe or tooling.",[578,1596,1598],{"id":1597},"what-selective-disclosure-enables","What Selective Disclosure Enables",[498,1600,1601],{},"With selective disclosure, the same credential can reveal different information to different requestors:",[505,1603,1604,1620],{},[508,1605,1606],{},[511,1607,1608,1611,1614,1617],{},[514,1609,1610],{},"Requestor",[514,1612,1613],{},"What They Need",[514,1615,1616],{},"What They Get",[514,1618,1619],{},"What Stays Private",[524,1621,1622,1638,1654,1670,1686],{},[511,1623,1624,1629,1632,1635],{},[529,1625,1626],{},[532,1627,1628],{},"Consumer",[529,1630,1631],{},"Sustainability claim",[529,1633,1634],{},"Overall rating, recyclability symbol",[529,1636,1637],{},"Tier-2 supplier names, internal cost data",[511,1639,1640,1645,1648,1651],{},[529,1641,1642],{},[532,1643,1644],{},"Competitor",[529,1646,1647],{},"Compliance check",[529,1649,1650],{},"Basic conformity status",[529,1652,1653],{},"Material sources, manufacturing recipes",[511,1655,1656,1661,1664,1667],{},[529,1657,1658],{},[532,1659,1660],{},"Customs",[529,1662,1663],{},"Origin + certification",[529,1665,1666],{},"Country of origin, EUIS reference, certifications",[529,1668,1669],{},"Tier-2 supplier identities, contract details",[511,1671,1672,1677,1680,1683],{},[529,1673,1674],{},[532,1675,1676],{},"Authorised auditor",[529,1678,1679],{},"Full compliance evidence",[529,1681,1682],{},"Complete data",[529,1684,1685],{},"— (authorised, no redaction)",[511,1687,1688,1693,1696,1699],{},[529,1689,1690],{},[532,1691,1692],{},"Recycler",[529,1694,1695],{},"Material composition",[529,1697,1698],{},"Detailed materials and hazards",[529,1700,1701],{},"Manufacturing process specifics",[578,1703,1705],{"id":1704},"technical-approaches","Technical Approaches",[498,1707,1708,1711],{},[532,1709,1710],{},"BBS+ Signatures:","\nProve specific claims from a signed credential without revealing the entire credential. A holder can prove \"recycled content > 30%\" without revealing the exact percentage.",[498,1713,1714,1717],{},[532,1715,1716],{},"Zero-Knowledge Proofs:","\nProve properties about values without revealing the values themselves. Prove \"carbon footprint \u003C 50 kg CO2e\" without revealing it's actually 42.5 kg CO2e.",[498,1719,1720,1723],{},[532,1721,1722],{},"Derived Credentials:","\nCreate limited-scope credentials from full credentials for specific sharing contexts.",[578,1725,1727],{"id":1726},"real-world-implementation","Real-World Implementation",[968,1729],{"alt":1730,"src":1731},"One QR code resolves to role-specific views after an authorisation check","\u002Fdiagrams\u002Fvision-real-world-implementation",[578,1733,1735],{"id":1734},"why-this-is-underestimated","Why This Is Underestimated",[498,1737,1738,1739,1742,1743,734],{},"Most DPP discussions focus on ",[532,1740,1741],{},"what data to share",". Selective disclosure answers the harder question: ",[532,1744,1745],{},"how to share different data with different parties from the same source",[498,1747,1748],{},"This is the missing piece for enterprise adoption. Businesses won't participate in transparency initiatives if it means revealing trade secrets to competitors. Selective disclosure enables:",[608,1750,1751,1757,1763],{},[611,1752,1753,1756],{},[532,1754,1755],{},"Contextual authorization",": Same QR code, different data based on who scans it",[611,1758,1759,1762],{},[532,1760,1761],{},"Graduated trust",": More access with stronger credentials",[611,1764,1765,1768],{},[532,1766,1767],{},"Compliance without exposure",": Prove compliance without revealing how",[493,1770,1772],{"id":1771},"the-digital-twin-continuum","The Digital Twin Continuum",[498,1774,1775],{},"\"Digital twin\" has become a buzzword that obscures more than it illuminates. Let's demystify it.",[578,1777,1779],{"id":1778},"what-people-mean-by-digital-twin","What People Mean by \"Digital Twin\"",[498,1781,1782],{},"The term covers a spectrum of concepts:",[505,1784,1785,1801],{},[508,1786,1787],{},[511,1788,1789,1792,1795,1798],{},[514,1790,1791],{},"Term",[514,1793,1794],{},"Data Richness",[514,1796,1797],{},"Update Frequency",[514,1799,1800],{},"Primary Use",[524,1802,1803,1819,1834],{},[511,1804,1805,1810,1813,1816],{},[529,1806,1807],{},[532,1808,1809],{},"Product information",[529,1811,1812],{},"Basic specs",[529,1814,1815],{},"Static",[529,1817,1818],{},"Marketing, retail",[511,1820,1821,1825,1828,1831],{},[529,1822,1823],{},[532,1824,205],{},[529,1826,1827],{},"Lifecycle data",[529,1829,1830],{},"Event-driven",[529,1832,1833],{},"Regulatory compliance",[511,1835,1836,1841,1844,1847],{},[529,1837,1838],{},[532,1839,1840],{},"Digital twin",[529,1842,1843],{},"Real-time state",[529,1845,1846],{},"Continuous",[529,1848,1849],{},"Operations, simulation",[578,1851,1853],{"id":1852},"dpp-is-one-flavor","DPP Is One Flavor",[498,1855,1856,1857,1860],{},"A Digital Product Passport is a ",[532,1858,1859],{},"specific regulatory flavor"," of digital twin:",[608,1862,1863,1866,1869,1872],{},[611,1864,1865],{},"Mandated by ESPR (Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation)",[611,1867,1868],{},"Focused on sustainability and circularity data",[611,1870,1871],{},"Accessed via data carriers (QR, NFC, RFID)",[611,1873,1874],{},"Updated at key lifecycle events",[578,1876,1878],{"id":1877},"the-spectrum","The Spectrum",[968,1880],{"alt":1881,"src":1882},"The spectrum from product datasheet to live digital twin","\u002Fdiagrams\u002Fvision-spectrum",[498,1884,1885],{},"Static → real-time, increasing in data richness and update frequency.",[578,1887,1889],{"id":1888},"why-terminology-matters","Why Terminology Matters",[498,1891,1892],{},"Different audiences use different terms for overlapping concepts:",[608,1894,1895,1901,1907,1913],{},[611,1896,1897,1900],{},[532,1898,1899],{},"Regulators"," talk about Digital Product Passports",[611,1902,1903,1906],{},[532,1904,1905],{},"Manufacturers"," talk about digital twins",[611,1908,1909,1912],{},[532,1910,1911],{},"IT vendors"," talk about connected products",[611,1914,1915,1918],{},[532,1916,1917],{},"Sustainability teams"," talk about product footprints",[498,1920,1921,1924],{},[532,1922,1923],{},"They're all describing variations of the same infrastructure need:"," a digital representation of a physical product that can be accessed, updated, and verified throughout its lifecycle.",[498,1926,1927],{},"OpenEPCIS provides the event backbone that works across this entire spectrum.",[493,1929,1931],{"id":1930},"epcis-the-universal-event-glue","EPCIS: The Universal Event Glue",[498,1933,1934],{},"EPCIS serves as the universal glue layer that connects all these technologies.",[578,1936,1938],{"id":1937},"the-architecture","The Architecture",[968,1940],{"alt":1941,"src":1942},"Physical data carriers feed EPCIS 2.0 events, which feed the application layer","\u002Fdiagrams\u002Fvision-architecture",[578,1944,1946],{"id":1945},"why-epcis-is-the-glue","Why EPCIS Is the Glue",[505,1948,1949,1962],{},[508,1950,1951],{},[511,1952,1953,1956,1959],{},[514,1954,1955],{},"Aspect",[514,1957,1958],{},"Without EPCIS",[514,1960,1961],{},"With EPCIS",[524,1963,1964,1975,1986,1997,2008],{},[511,1965,1966,1969,1972],{},[529,1967,1968],{},"RFID data",[529,1970,1971],{},"RFID-specific format",[529,1973,1974],{},"Universal event",[511,1976,1977,1980,1983],{},[529,1978,1979],{},"QR scan",[529,1981,1982],{},"QR-specific handler",[529,1984,1985],{},"Same universal event",[511,1987,1988,1991,1994],{},[529,1989,1990],{},"IoT sensor",[529,1992,1993],{},"IoT platform silo",[529,1995,1996],{},"Sensor data in event",[511,1998,1999,2002,2005],{},[529,2000,2001],{},"Cross-system",[529,2003,2004],{},"Custom integrations",[529,2006,2007],{},"Standard API",[511,2009,2010,2013,2016],{},[529,2011,2012],{},"New tech",[529,2014,2015],{},"Rebuild everything",[529,2017,2018],{},"Plug into existing",[578,2020,2022],{"id":2021},"the-five-dimensions","The Five Dimensions",[498,2024,2025],{},"EPCIS captures events across five dimensions:",[498,2027,2028,2031,2032,2035,2036,2039,2040,2043,2044,2047],{},[532,2029,2030],{},"What:"," Product identifiers (GTIN, SGTIN, SSCC)\n",[532,2033,2034],{},"When:"," Timestamp with timezone\n",[532,2037,2038],{},"Where:"," Location identifiers (GLN, geo-coordinates)\n",[532,2041,2042],{},"Why:"," Business context (bizStep, disposition)\n",[532,2045,2046],{},"How:"," Sensor data (temperature, humidity, conditions)",[578,2049,2051],{"id":2050},"the-how-dimension-epcis-20","The \"How\" Dimension (EPCIS 2.0)",[498,2053,2054],{},"EPCIS 2.0 added a place for sensor data on each event — temperature, humidity, location, whatever the auto-ID hardware reports. This enables:",[608,2056,2057,2060,2063,2066],{},[611,2058,2059],{},"Cold-chain monitoring (a sensor reading attached to every receive event).",[611,2061,2062],{},"Environmental-condition tracking across the supply chain.",[611,2064,2065],{},"Battery-free sensor tags that harvest energy from the RFID reader and report on every read.",[611,2067,2068],{},"Quality-assurance data captured at the point of the event rather than reconciled later.",[578,2070,2072],{"id":2071},"real-scenarios","Real Scenarios",[505,2074,2075,2088],{},[508,2076,2077],{},[511,2078,2079,2082,2085],{},[514,2080,2081],{},"Scenario",[514,2083,2084],{},"Data Carrier",[514,2086,2087],{},"EPCIS Event",[524,2089,2090,2101,2112,2123,2134],{},[511,2091,2092,2095,2098],{},[529,2093,2094],{},"RFID at warehouse door",[529,2096,2097],{},"RFID tag",[529,2099,2100],{},"ObjectEvent: bizStep=receiving, readPoint=dock-door-1",[511,2102,2103,2106,2109],{},[529,2104,2105],{},"QR scan by consumer",[529,2107,2108],{},"QR code",[529,2110,2111],{},"Query for product history via EPCIS repository",[511,2113,2114,2117,2120],{},[529,2115,2116],{},"NFC tap at store",[529,2118,2119],{},"NFC tag",[529,2121,2122],{},"AssociationEvent: linking product to customer",[511,2124,2125,2128,2131],{},[529,2126,2127],{},"IoT temperature alert",[529,2129,2130],{},"BLE sensor",[529,2132,2133],{},"ObjectEvent: sensorElement with temperature deviation",[511,2135,2136,2139,2142],{},[529,2137,2138],{},"Future wearable scan",[529,2140,2141],{},"AR glasses",[529,2143,2144],{},"Same EPCIS infrastructure, new carrier",[578,2146,2148],{"id":2147},"the-key-insight","The Key Insight",[2150,2151,2152],"blockquote",{},[498,2153,2154],{},"EPCIS doesn't care HOW you identify the product. It cares WHAT happened, WHEN, WHERE, WHY, and under what conditions (HOW).",[498,2156,2157],{},"This technology-agnostic design is why EPCIS scales from a barcode-only retailer to an RFID-heavy warehouse to an IoT-enabled smart factory.",[493,2159,2161],{"id":2160},"the-complete-stack","The Complete Stack",[498,2163,2164],{},"Here's how all the technologies fit together:",[968,2166],{"alt":2167,"src":2168},"The five-layer DPP stack from access down to physical carriers","\u002Fdiagrams\u002Fvision-complete-stack",[578,2170,2172],{"id":2171},"what-this-stack-delivers","What This Stack Delivers",[505,2174,2175,2185],{},[508,2176,2177],{},[511,2178,2179,2182],{},[514,2180,2181],{},"Benefit",[514,2183,2184],{},"How the Stack Delivers",[524,2186,2187,2196,2206,2216,2226],{},[511,2188,2189,2193],{},[529,2190,2191],{},[532,2192,324],{},[529,2194,2195],{},"GS1 standards + UNTP alignment = global exchange",[511,2197,2198,2203],{},[529,2199,2200],{},[532,2201,2202],{},"Trust",[529,2204,2205],{},"VCs carry cryptographic proofs so every claim is independently verifiable",[511,2207,2208,2213],{},[529,2209,2210],{},[532,2211,2212],{},"Privacy",[529,2214,2215],{},"Selective disclosure = share only what's needed",[511,2217,2218,2223],{},[529,2219,2220],{},[532,2221,2222],{},"Future-proof",[529,2224,2225],{},"New carriers, same event model",[511,2227,2228,2233],{},[529,2229,2230],{},[532,2231,2232],{},"Enterprise-ready",[529,2234,2235],{},"Contextual access control for business reality",[493,2237,2239],{"id":2238},"openepcis-position","OpenEPCIS Position",[578,2241,2243],{"id":2242},"where-openepcis-fits","Where OpenEPCIS Fits",[498,2245,2246],{},"OpenEPCIS provides the event layer (Layer 3 in the stack above) with a GS1-native architecture:",[505,2248,2249,2259],{},[508,2250,2251],{},[511,2252,2253,2256],{},[514,2254,2255],{},"Characteristic",[514,2257,2258],{},"OpenEPCIS Approach",[524,2260,2261,2271,2281,2291,2305,2321],{},[511,2262,2263,2268],{},[529,2264,2265],{},[532,2266,2267],{},"Foundation",[529,2269,2270],{},"GS1 Web Vocabulary, EPCIS 2.0 standard",[511,2272,2273,2278],{},[529,2274,2275],{},[532,2276,2277],{},"Identifiers",[529,2279,2280],{},"GS1 Digital Link — reuses GS1 numbering already issued to members",[511,2282,2283,2288],{},[529,2284,2285],{},[532,2286,2287],{},"Format",[529,2289,2290],{},"JSON-LD for semantic interoperability",[511,2292,2293,2298],{},[529,2294,2295],{},[532,2296,2297],{},"VC \u002F DID",[529,2299,2300,2301,2304],{},"Ships today via Keycloak's native OID4VCI \u002F OID4VP \u002F SIOPv2 stack. Wallet-agnostic by design — every OID4VC-compliant wallet works as a holder. Named EPCIS \u002F DPP credential schemas and the capture-to-issuance pipeline are the next ",[1224,2302,2303],{"href":414},"roadmap"," item.",[511,2306,2307,2312],{},[529,2308,2309],{},[532,2310,2311],{},"UNTP Aligned",[529,2313,2314,2315,2317,2318],{},"A dozen property and three class equivalences via ",[1157,2316,1218],{}," \u002F ",[1157,2319,2320],{},"owl:equivalentClass",[511,2322,2323,2328],{},[529,2324,2325],{},[532,2326,2327],{},"Open",[529,2329,2330],{},"Apache 2.0, no vendor lock-in, self-hostable",[578,2332,2334],{"id":2333},"what-openepcis-provides-today","What OpenEPCIS Provides Today",[498,2336,2337],{},[532,2338,2339],{},"Core Tools:",[608,2341,2342,2345,2348,2351],{},[611,2343,2344],{},"EPCIS repository and API",[611,2346,2347],{},"Format conversion (XML ↔ JSON-LD)",[611,2349,2350],{},"Event hash generator (integrity verification)",[611,2352,2353],{},"Test data generator",[498,2355,2356],{},[532,2357,2358],{},"DPP Vocabulary:",[608,2360,2361,2364,2367,2370],{},[611,2362,2363],{},"Battery DPP (EU Battery Regulation 2023\u002F1542)",[611,2365,2366],{},"Textile DPP (EU Sustainable Textiles Strategy)",[611,2368,2369],{},"EUDR (EU Deforestation Regulation 2023\u002F1115)",[611,2371,2372],{},"Electronics DPP (Repairability, WEEE, energy efficiency)",[578,2374,2376],{"id":2375},"where-the-stack-stands-today","Where the stack stands today",[498,2378,2379,2380,2383,2384,2386,2387,2390,2391,2394,2395,2398,2399,734],{},"OpenEPCIS already ships the ",[532,2381,2382],{},"identity"," layer (GS1 identifiers + Digital Link), the ",[532,2385,123],{}," layer (EPCIS 2.0) and the ",[532,2388,2389],{},"credential transport"," layer (Keycloak OID4VCI \u002F OID4VP \u002F SIOPv2 — every tenant realm is a Verifiable Credential Issuer; every OID4VC-compliant wallet works as a holder; ",[1157,2392,2393],{},"sd-jwt-vc"," is the lead format for selective disclosure). The ",[532,2396,2397],{},"named-credential"," layer — published credential schemas for EPCIS events and DPP attestations, the bridge that mints a VC the moment the underlying capture or save happens, UNTP Digital Conformity Credential compatibility, and a globally-scoped issuer trust list — is the work in flight on the ",[1224,2400,2303],{"href":414},[498,2402,2403],{},"The build order is deliberate. Identity and events are nailed down against GS1; the credential transport is open, wallet-agnostic protocol (OID4VC) instead of a proprietary stack; the named-credential layer on top is then a question of schema + pipeline rather than re-architecture.",[493,2405,2407],{"id":2406},"resources","Resources",[578,2409,2411],{"id":2410},"standards-and-specifications","Standards and Specifications",[498,2413,2414],{},[532,2415,2416],{},"Core Standards:",[608,2418,2419,2428,2436,2444],{},[611,2420,2421,2427],{},[1224,2422,2426],{"href":2423,"rel":2424},"https:\u002F\u002Fref.gs1.org\u002Fstandards\u002Fepcis\u002F",[2425],"nofollow","GS1 EPCIS 2.0 Standard"," - Event model specification",[611,2429,2430,2435],{},[1224,2431,2434],{"href":2432,"rel":2433},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gs1.org\u002Fstandards\u002Fgs1-digital-link",[2425],"GS1 Digital Link"," - Product identification and resolution",[611,2437,2438,2443],{},[1224,2439,2442],{"href":2440,"rel":2441},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002FTR\u002Fvc-data-model\u002F",[2425],"W3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model"," - Credential structure",[611,2445,2446,2451],{},[1224,2447,2450],{"href":2448,"rel":2449},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002FTR\u002Fdid-core\u002F",[2425],"W3C Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs)"," - DID specification",[498,2453,2454],{},[532,2455,2456],{},"Trade Standards:",[608,2458,2459,2466,2474],{},[611,2460,2461,2465],{},[1224,2462,1093],{"href":2463,"rel":2464},"https:\u002F\u002Fopensource.unicc.org\u002Fun\u002Funece\u002Funcefact\u002Fspec-untp",[2425]," - UN\u002FCEFACT supply-chain transparency (moved to GitLab; the old GitHub repo is archived)",[611,2467,2468,2473],{},[1224,2469,2472],{"href":2470,"rel":2471},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.iso.org\u002Fstandard\u002F85557.html",[2425],"ISO\u002FIEC 19987"," - EPCIS standard (ISO version)",[611,2475,2476,2481],{},[1224,2477,2480],{"href":2478,"rel":2479},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.iso.org\u002Fstandard\u002F85558.html",[2425],"ISO\u002FIEC 19988"," - Core Business Vocabulary (ISO version)",[578,2483,2485],{"id":2484},"openepcis-documentation","OpenEPCIS Documentation",[608,2487,2488,2494,2499,2504],{},[611,2489,2490,2493],{},[1224,2491,2492],{"href":42},"EPCIS 2.0 Guide"," - Event model and dimensions",[611,2495,2496,2498],{},[1224,2497,205],{"href":206}," - DPP implementation",[611,2500,2501,2503],{},[1224,2502,1226],{"href":325}," - UNTP and standards alignment",[611,2505,2506,2508],{},[1224,2507,338],{"href":339}," - How QR scanning leads to DPP data",[578,2510,2512],{"id":2511},"external-resources","External Resources",[498,2514,2515],{},[532,2516,2517],{},"Industry Context:",[608,2519,2520,2528,2536],{},[611,2521,2522,2527],{},[1224,2523,2526],{"href":2524,"rel":2525},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.autoidlabs.org\u002F",[2425],"MIT Auto-ID Center history"," - Origins of EPCIS",[611,2529,2530,2535],{},[1224,2531,2534],{"href":2532,"rel":2533},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gs1.org\u002Fstandards\u002Fepcis",[2425],"GS1 EPCIS resources"," - Implementation guides",[611,2537,2538,2543],{},[1224,2539,2542],{"href":2540,"rel":2541},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.marketsandmarkets.com\u002FMarket-Reports\u002Frfid-market-446.html",[2425],"RFID market analysis"," - Market data",[498,2545,2546],{},[532,2547,2548],{},"Emerging Technologies:",[608,2550,2551,2559],{},[611,2552,2553,2558],{},[1224,2554,2557],{"href":2555,"rel":2556},"https:\u002F\u002Fw3c-ccg.github.io\u002Fldp-bbs2020\u002F",[2425],"BBS+ Signatures"," - Selective disclosure cryptography",[611,2560,2561,2566],{},[1224,2562,2565],{"href":2563,"rel":2564},"https:\u002F\u002Fw3c-ccg.github.io\u002Fdid-method-web\u002F",[2425],"did:web Method Specification"," - Web-based 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